Since the track is (1) 1m wide on each side of the midline, and (2) ends at the terminal barrier (TB), would placing an aligning device either (1) >1m away from the midline, or (2) behind the TB, violate this rule and incur a Competition Violation...

Yes, per rule 4.d.iv, a competition violation would be awarded as all alignment devices must be used within the defined track area.