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Frequently Asked Questions
Division C Events

Division C Events

Reveal Questions

Questions must be directed toward the rules. We cannot pre-judge your device by answering questions on whether it complies.

Earth & Space Science
- Astronomy
  - (Section: 2 / Line: 1)
    
    01/29/2020
    
    Can the information be stored on a flash drive and that plugged into the Chromebook/laptop/tablet? or does it haver to be stored in the internal hard drive of the device?
    
    Yes. The information can be stored on a flash drive and plugged into the computer/laptop/tablet.
  - (Section: 3 / Line: 3)
    
    02/01/2020
    
    How can we practice using the JS9 software for the competition (e.g. creating and interpreting graphs, using different filters, etc)?
    
    There is a JS9 tutorial and guide on how to use the tools posted on on the NSO website. Go to https://www.soinc.org/astronomy-c to access the guide. Also look at the invitational tests that have been posted. Most of them have a JS9 question. We will also be posting the MIT invitational test soon, and the UC Berkeley Golden Gate invitational when it takes place in February. Those will give several examples of the types of questions that can be asked.
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: vi / Line: 1)
    
    12/31/2019
    
    One of the objects is listed as MACS J1149.5+2223. There is an object on the Chandra website ( https://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2017/macsj1149/ ) called MACS J1149.5+2233 that seems to be the intended object.
    
    The object MACS J1149.5+2233 on the Chandra website is the same object as MACS J1149.5+2223. The final four digits are part of of the coordinates of the object, which may change slightly in different catalogues. Another possible name for the object is MACS J1149.5+223.
  - (Section: 2 / Paragraph: ii / Line: 1)
    
    02/01/2020
    
    Rule states "each team may bring one of the following options" I plan on bringing a computer and a binder, option two. Our team for astronomy only consists of me, can I still bring two sources?
    
    Yes. The event description states that each team can bring options 1, 2 or 3. You can bring two sources.
  - (Section: 2 / Paragraph: e / Line: 3)
    
    10/24/2019
    
    The rules state if they allow us to use js9.si.edu on the test, we will be allowed to use the internet. Does this mean we will be allowed to use the internet on the ENTIRE test?
    
    No. Teams who answer the js9 question will only be accessing a dedicated NASA website designed specifically for SO competitions.
- Dynamic Planet - Div C
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: x / Line: 1)
    
    12/31/2019
    
    Line x. says Division C only: etc....Is that only applicable to Line x or does that apply to Line x. and everything after it/below it?
    
    Division C Only refers to just "x". All subsequent sub-paragraphs are for both Div. B & Div. C.
- Fossils - Div C
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: e / Sub-Paragraph: i / Line: 1)
    
    02/01/2020
    
    Can questions at regional competitions cover Order Dendroidea (benthic graptolites) and Order Graptoloidea (planktic graptolites)?
    
    No, all taxa denoted with an asterisk (*) are limited to State and National tournaments. Graptolites (Phylum Hemichordata), which include Order Dendroidea and Order Graptoloidea, should NOT be included at regional competitions.
  - (Section: 2 / Paragraph: a / Line: 1)
    
    10/29/2019
    
    Shouldn't Limestone on the Fossils List read "Limestone (chalk/fossiliferous limestone)" instead of "Limestone (chalk/fossil limestone)" (which fits with how Rocks and Minerals names it)?
    
    "Limestone (chalk/fossil limestone)" is equally acceptable to "Limestone (chalk/fossiliferous limestone)". Either term may be used.
- GeoLogic Mapping
Inquiry & Nature of Science
- Codebusters
  - (Section: 2 / Paragraph: a / Line: 2)
    
    12/31/2019
    
    Can four/ five function accounting calculators be used?
    
    No. Accounting calculators which have the switch for the number of decimal digits can not be used.
  - (Section: 4 / Paragraph: b / Sub-Paragraph: ii / Line: 1)
    
    12/31/2019
    
    How are questions with answers that are not "composed of letters" scored? Last year the rules specified numerical answers would be either correct or incorrect. Is that still the case?
    
    Yes. The only possible situation where this will occur is the RSA Cipher for the State and National competitions.
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: e / Sub-Paragraph: vii / Line: 1)
    
    10/29/2019
    
    If the plaintext to be encoded does not cut off evenly with the size of the matrix, what value should we use as the nulls?
    
    When encoding for a Hill Cipher, the plain text is to be padded with the letter Z up to the size of the encoding matrix.
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: e / Sub-Paragraph: viii / Line: 1)
    
    10/08/2019
    
    Is the morse code being used in the test international or American?
    
    The Morbit and Pollux ciphers on the tests will use International Morse code.
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: a / Line: 2)
    
    10/08/2019
    
    Should the messages for decryption be made-up or should they include famous quotes?
    
    Messages for decryption can come from any source, but should not be something that is easily guessed - particularly for the timed question. Phrases that can be guessed after identifying some of the letters are expected to have lower score values.
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: v / Line: 1)
    
    01/29/2020
    
    The wording does not specifically require supplying the encryption matrix for a 3x3 cipher if needed. That leaves the door open to a question that requires inverting a 3x3 to encode plaintext or to recover the encryption key. Is that correct?
    
    No. For a 2x2 Cipher, only the encryption matrix will be given. For a 3x3 cipher the encryption matrix will be provided for an encryption problem and the decryption matrix will be provided for a decryption problem. Students will not have to invert a 3x3 matrix but will need to be able to invert a 2x2 matrix.
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: e / Sub-Paragraph: v / Line: 1)
    
    10/23/2019
    
    Will the Baconian Cipher used be a 24 or 26 letter variant?
    
    The 24 letter variant alphabet will be used.
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: e / Sub-Paragraph: viii / Line: 1)
    
    11/08/2019
    
    Will the Pollux Cipher key always consist of 4 dots, 3 dashes, and 3 X's?
    
    No. The Pollux Cipher key can consist of any number of digits representing dots/dashes/X including the extreme of a single character each for dot and dash and the remaining 8 digits representing X.
- Experimental Design - Div C
  - (Section: 4 / Paragraph: J / Line: 2)
    
    01/05/2020
    
    How do we show example calculation for things such as Standard Deviation where all we do is plug numbers into a calculator without knowing the calculation procedure?
    
    You must calculate the standard deviation of at least one sample using the equation/procedure to show the sample calculation if you intend to use the standard deviation. The point of having this requirement and making it part of the rubric is that you should know how to calculate standard deviation without a calculator.
  - (Section: 4 / Paragraph: a / Line: 1)
    
    10/10/2019
    
    In the checklist section H, do the raw and condensed data tables need to be distinct, with the "raw table" containing measurements and the "condensed table" containing derived values?
    
    Yes, the raw and condensed data tables are two separate tables.
  - (Section: 4 / Paragraph: a / Line: 1)
    
    01/05/2020
    
    On the Experimental Design Checklist does Statistics Claim refer to claiming what the statistics are, or what you are deducing from the statistics, or choosing which statistics to base your trend and interpretation of the data?
    
    A claim is an assertion of the truth of something, typically one that is disputed or in doubt. You will then provide evidence, in this case statistics, that back up your claim. In the reasoning section, you will explain how the statistics back up your claim.
  - (Section: G. / Line: 1)
    
    01/03/2020
    
    On the top of the table, what is meant by "Before" and "After" for Procedure and Results?
    
    As for your question about the meaning of “Before” and “After” on the Experimental Design Report Form this section is looking for participants to make observations about their procedure and approach to the experiment (e.g.; spills, limitations on measurements/accuracy, compromises for efficiency) and then make observations about the results they obtained (e.g.; trends in the data, relationships between variables/constant). The blank space asking for a results observation Before conducting the actual experiment is an error. New a form that clearly show the box shouldn’t have any information is posted on the Event Page at soinc.org.
  - (Section: Rubric / Paragraph: N/P / Line: 51)
    
    10/29/2019
    
    When restating hypothesis in Part N (Conclusion) and Part P (Abstract), do teams need to include rationale to score full credit for those points?
    
    No.
  - (Section: Rubric / Paragraph: N/P / Line: 51)
    
    10/29/2019
    
    When restating hypothesis in Part N (Conclusion) and Part P (Abstract), do teams need to include rationale to score full credit for those points?
    
    No.
- Ping-Pong Parachute
  - (Section: 2 / Paragraph: B / Line: 1)
    
    11/08/2019
    
    "Parachutes must be attached to ping pong balls with tape only." Can a team tape a ping pong ball to string and tape the string to the parachute?
    
    Yes, this does not violate the rules as stated in rule 2b. The strings that are attached to the canopy are called shroud lines and they are part of the parachute. The shroud lines may be taped to the ping pong ball.
  - (Section: 2 / Paragraph: B / Sub-Paragraph: ? / Line: 1)
    
    01/28/2020
    
    Can a weight like a washer or a glob of clay be taped to the ping pong ball. Not glued, but taped so it can be removed. Is this considered altering the ping pong ball? Is this legal?
    
    No, a weight of any kind may not be added to the ping pong ball.
  - (Section: 5 / Paragraph: e, f / Line: 1)
    
    10/23/2019
    
    Can other parts separate from the rocket other than the parachute payload system? For instance, can a cone covering the parachute land off to the side separated from the rocket and payload system and not be tiered?
    
    Yes. Parts separating from the rocket/payload assembly will not cause the rocket to be "tiered." The parachute / ping pong flight time is what accounts for the score. No part of the rocket / parachute assembly can come in contact with the ceiling.
  - (Section: 3 / Line: 2)
    
    01/28/2020
    
    Construction Parameter 3.d states Metal of any type is prohibited anywhere on the parachute payload system. Does this mean aluminium foil or similar material cannot be used as part of parachute canopy?
    
    Correct, aluminum foil, metallic Mylar, or similar material cannot be used as part of the parachute canopy.
  - (Section: 2 / Line: 1)
    
    01/08/2020
    
    Does anyone know this? To practice at school: Is it possible/safe to use a bottle rocket launcher that has been used in previous years--when the rockets contained water?
    
    Yes, it is possible to use launchers from previous years as long as the launcher has been inspected and determined to be safe by your coach/adult supervisor. You should also make sure that the launcher will launch rockets that fit the construction parameters. Depending on the launch pad you have you will need to insure that it does not damage the floor when being used.
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: a / Line: 2)
    
    01/28/2020
    
    Does the label have to be on the bottle (not removed), or can it be taken off prior to building and presented to the event supervisor at a competition?
    
    The label may be removed and presented to the Event Supervisor at competition.
  - (Section: 2 / Paragraph: B / Line: 1)
    
    10/10/2019
    
    Is glue allowed on the actual parachute itself? In other words, as long as the only thing directly holding the parachute to the ping pong ball is tape, is it legal?
    
    Yes, glue is allowed on the parachute. It is not allowed on the pressurized bottle.
  - (Section: 3 / Line: 1)
    
    01/26/2020
    
    Is lubrication of the launcher nipple O-rings allowed or are they to be dry which leads to the question, can the inner surface of the bottles nozzle be lubricated and if so, with what?
    
    The event supervisor would be in charge of lubricating the launcher o-rings. The inner surface of the bottle may not lubricated or have anything applied to it that would leave a residue on the launcher.
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: c / Line: 1)
    
    10/24/2019
    
    Is the nose required to fit partway into a bottle cap?
    
    No, the nose of the rocket is not allowed to be able to touch the inside top of the cap. It is not required to fit partway into the cap.
  - (Section: 2 / Paragraph: a / Line: 1)
    
    10/29/2019
    
    May multiple parachutes be combined into a single parachute payload system and attached to a single ping pong ball?
    
    Yes. Multiple parachute systems can be used as long as they are attached to the ping pong ball. The parachute(s) ping pong ballflight time is what accounts for the score.
  - (Section: 2 / Line: 1)
    
    01/28/2020
    
    The rule states that teams must provide up to two rockes, two unaltered standard ping pong balls, and two parachutes. If they come with one rocket and one parachute, do they get to launch it twice?
    
    Yes, teams may launch the same rocket twice per rule 5.b.
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: C / Line: 1)
    
    01/08/2020
    
    What classifies as a blunt or rounded top?
    
    Blunt and rounded are two separate issues. If the nose of the rocket comes to a point, the point must be rounded so that it fulfills the requirements of rule 3.c. This is specifically shown in Figure 1 in the rules. If the nose of the rocket is not pointed, the leading edge of the rocket must be blunt. Blunt means that the edge must not be sharp and still fulfill the requirements of rule 3.c. No part of the edge can fit into bottle cap as defined in rule 3.c.
  - (Section: 2 / Paragraph: a / Line: 1)
    
    10/23/2019
    
    What qualifies as a parachute?
    
    This is the definition of a parachute we will be using: parachute - a device for slowing the descent of an object through the air that consists of a canopy beneath which the object is suspended
  - (Section: 2 / Line: 1)
    
    10/09/2019
    
    What's the maximum psi?
    
    Please see the posted Rules Clarification which says that at no time should the pressure vessel (bottle be pressurized beyond 65 psi. ~~Due to the variation in the sites where the ping pong parachutes will be held, there can not be one max psi that is published.~~ Teams will be placed in Tier 3 per rule 5.g. if any part of their rocket or parachute hits the ceiling or any part connected to the ceiling.
- Write It Do It - Div C
Life, Personal & Social Science
- Disease Detectives - Div C
  - (Section: 2 / Paragraph: 1 / Line: 3)
    
    10/08/2019
    
    Could you please clarify the meaning of, "from any source without any annotations or labels affixed". Can they have diagrams that are pre-labeled?
    
    Students may make a word document in which they put in notes, diagrams etc. which can be pre-labeled and print it onto a page double sided or they may hand-write the notes, diagrams etc., but they may not add anything additional to the sheet of paper such as labels, adhesive flags, sticky notes, or anything extra to the surface of your reference sheet.
- Anatomy and Physiology - Div C
  - (Section: 2 / Paragraph: 1 / Line: 3)
    
    10/08/2019
    
    Could you please clarify the meaning of, "from any source without any annotations or labels affixed". Can they have diagrams that are pre-labeled?
    
    Students may make a word document in which they put in notes, diagrams etc. which can be pre-labeled and print it onto a page double sided or they may hand-write the notes, diagrams etc., but they may not add anything additional to the sheet of paper such as labels, adhesive flags, sticky notes, or anything extra to the surface of your reference sheet.
- Designer Genes
  - (Section: 2 / Paragraph: 1 / Line: 3)
    
    10/08/2019
    
    Could you please clarify the meaning of, "from any source without any annotations or labels affixed". Can they have diagrams that are pre-labeled?
    
    Students may make a word document in which they put in notes, diagrams etc. which can be pre-labeled and print it onto a page double sided or they may hand-write the notes, diagrams etc., but they may not add anything additional to the sheet of paper such as labels, adhesive flags, sticky notes, or anything extra to the surface of your reference sheet.
- Ornithology
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: 1 / Line: 2)
    
    10/10/2019
    
    Are bird eggs eligible content?
    
    Yes
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: d / Line: 1)
    
    01/05/2020
    
    Does the restriction of 50% apply only to Genus species names or also order and family names as well?
    
    The 50% restriction in the number of questions applies to the common name as well as the scientific name; which is limited to Genus and Species. In theory, order and family could be asked about in the other half of the questions.
  - (Section: 2 / Paragraph: c / Line: 1)
    
    10/08/2019
    
    The National Bird list includes "Screech Owl" . Are students responsible for all subsets of this, eg. Eastern, Western, Whiskered, etc.? Thank you.
    
    Yes
  - (Section: 2 / Line: 2)
    
    10/08/2019
    
    Under Order Strigiformes, the screech owl is listed, but I believe that is a genus that doesn't pertain to a singular species. Should this be specified to a certain species (Eastern screech owl), or should this remain as a genus?
    
    Remain as a genus and be familiar with species within the Genus.
  - (Section: List / Line: 40)
    
    10/29/2019
    
    Under the list, it says “Clapper rail” with the scientific name of Rallus Longirostris. However, Rallus Longirostris is actually the Mangrove rail, which is not in the rules. Which one should participants study?
    
    Use the taxonomy as listed on the Official National Bird List.
  - (Section: 2 / Paragraph: c / Line: 2)
    
    10/08/2019
    
    Will a separate National Ornithology list that is annotated be allowed to be taken out of the binder?
    
    No, an annotated Bird List must remain in the binder if the event is run as a series of stations per rules 2.b. and 2.c.
- Water Quality - Div C
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: b / Sub-Paragraph: i= / Line: 1)
    
    11/24/2019
    
    Are participants expected to differentiate between multiple species of the same organism?
    
    No, the students will just need to recognize all variations as a particular species.
  - (Section: 2 / Paragraph: 1 / Line: 3)
    
    10/08/2019
    
    Could you please clarify the meaning of, "from any source without any annotations or labels affixed". Can they have diagrams that are pre-labeled?
    
    Students may make a word document in which they put in notes, diagrams etc. which can be pre-labeled and print it onto a page double sided or they may hand-write the notes, diagrams etc., but they may not add anything additional to the sheet of paper such as labels, adhesive flags, sticky notes, or anything extra to the surface of your reference sheet.
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: a / Line: 5)
    
    10/29/2019
    
    What is meant by "recently killed coral?"
    
    Coral that has been recently killed (died) can be used as a global indicator of coral reef health. Questions could include topics like what causes coral to die and what kind of information recently killed coral could tell us about the ecosystem health.
Physical Science & Chemistry
- Chemistry
  - Chem Lab
    - (Section: 2 / Paragraph: b / Line: 3)
      
      02/01/2020
      
      "Teams not bringing these items will be at a disadvantage, as they are not provided." Does this mean that event supervisors are not permitted to provide items on the equipment list? Or that ES is not required to provide those those items?
      
      The rules are written to reflect that we can not predict what laboratory equipment will be available at the over 450 different sites which host Science Olympiad tournaments. If you are able to provide equipment at your regional tournament you are free to do so but you cannot require teams use your equipment if it is also listed in their equipment kits.
    - (Section: 2 / Paragraph: d / Line: 12)
      
      01/12/2020
      
      Are we given a regents reference table with all the stuff on it or are we just given a singular periodic table sheet?
      
      It is up to the event supervisor. The only thing the event supervisor is required to have available in the room is a periodic table.
    - 10/03/2019
      
      Can skinny jeans be a universal exception to the "loose-fitting" pants rule for chemistry events?
      
      From the rules: Pants should be loose fitting; if the host has more specific guidelines they will notify teams in advance of the tournament. In chemistry events, any tight-fitting pants do not provide the loose-fitting safety margin necessary should a hazardous chemical be spilled on the clothing to prevent the skin from sustaining a chemical burn.
    - (Section: 2 / Paragraph: B / Line: 1)
      
      10/08/2019
      
      For both the Chemistry events, the rules say “each participant may bring one 8.5” by 11” sheet of paper.” Does this mean each team is allowed two pieces of paper, or does “participant” mean team?
      
      If a team has two participants in these events it is allowed two reference sheets; one for each participant. If for some reason the team only has a single participant in the event then that team is allowed a single reference sheet for that participant. If two sheets are used the content does not have to be exactly the same on both sheets.
    - (Section: 2 / Paragraph: a / Line: 2)
      
      02/01/2020
      
      The rules state participants can bring calculators of any type. Does this mean we can program our calculator and add notes on it?
      
      Yes, that is exactly what it means.
  - Forensics
    - (Section: 2 / Paragraph: a / Line: 2)
      
      10/09/2019
      
      Are stand-alone, programmable, graphing calculators or stand-alone non-graphing, programmable calculators allowed for Forensics?
      
      All stand-alone calculator types are allowed for Forensics. A corrected calculator guide will be posted on soinc.org.
    - 10/03/2019
      
      Can skinny jeans be a universal exception to the "loose-fitting" pants rule for chemistry events?
      
      From the rules: Pants should be loose fitting; if the host has more specific guidelines they will notify teams in advance of the tournament. In chemistry events, any tight-fitting pants do not provide the loose-fitting safety margin necessary should a hazardous chemical be spilled on the clothing to prevent the skin from sustaining a chemical burn.
    - (Section: 2 / Paragraph: B / Line: 1)
      
      10/08/2019
      
      For both the Chemistry events, the rules say “each participant may bring one 8.5” by 11” sheet of paper.” Does this mean each team is allowed two pieces of paper, or does “participant” mean team?
      
      If a team has two participants in these events it is allowed two reference sheets; one for each participant. If for some reason the team only has a single participant in the event then that team is allowed a single reference sheet for that participant. If two sheets are used the content does not have to be exactly the same on both sheets.
  - Protein Modeling
    - (Section: 2 / Paragraph: B / Line: 1)
      
      10/08/2019
      
      For both the Chemistry events, the rules say “each participant may bring one 8.5” by 11” sheet of paper.” Does this mean each team is allowed two pieces of paper, or does “participant” mean team?
      
      If a team has two participants in these events it is allowed two reference sheets; one for each participant. If for some reason the team only has a single participant in the event then that team is allowed a single reference sheet for that participant. If two sheets are used the content does not have to be exactly the same on both sheets.
- Physics
  - Circuit Lab - Div C
    - (Section: 2 / Paragraph: d / Line: 1)
      
      11/24/2019
      
      Can I bring an auto-ranging multimeter (like Fluke 23 Series II) in place of the provided ones?
      
      As for Circuit lab competition in general, the rule is not clear on what constitutes a basic multi-meter. But it is the discretion of event supervisor. Some hands on stations will require the student to use the provided equipment.
  - Machines
    - (Section: 4 / Paragraph: c / Line: 1)
      
      11/08/2019
      
      Are related topics that are neither specified nor prohibited (such as history, work, and conservation of energy) included in the scope of the event?
      
      The only topics to be tested are those listed in 4.Part I.c. as they relate to the simple machines listed in 4. Part I.d. For example, questions that ask trivial questions regarding historical figures, dates or publications, are prohibited. As a reminder, topics listed in 4.Part I.e are prohibited.
    - (Section: 4 / Paragraph: d / Sub-Paragraph: iii / Line: 1)
      
      11/08/2019
      
      Can you provide a definitive answer to Event Supervisors about the required length to use for IMA?
      
      IMA of a wedge is defined as 1/tan(angle of wedge). The angle of the wedge can be calculated from either the length of the base and height or the length of the slope and height, depending on which specific formula you use.
    - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: b / Sub-Paragraph: C / Line: 1)
      
      10/23/2019
      
      Does connecting the levers by a string satisfy the requirement that they be "connected directly?"
      
      Yes, if the strings are used to cause a movement in one lever to induce a movement in the other lever, then the levers are “connected directly”.
    - (Section: 2 / Paragraph: e / Line: 6)
      
      10/29/2019
      
      How accurate must the measurement of the ratio be (should the answer be only a whole number, one decimal place, two decimal places, etc.)?
      
      Students may give their answer to any number of decimal places. Their answer will be compared to the ES's calculation of the ratio, which will be calculated by using the maximal precision of the scales and observing rules of significant figures.
    - (Section: 2 / Paragraph: e / Line: 3)
      
      10/10/2019
      
      Must all masses simultaneously fit inside a 15x15x20cm box or must each mass separately be able to fit inside the box?
      
      Each mass must fit within the 15 x 15 x 20cm box individually.
    - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: b / Line: 1)
      
      11/08/2019
      
      Rules specify maximum beam lengths of 80.0 cm (B) and 40.0 cm (C). What is the definition of Beam Length?
      
      The “length of the beam” is the physical length of the single beam, including any permanently affixed non-movable fixtures extending off the physical end of the beam. If either attachment point (or the fulcrum) extends beyond the physical end of the beam, the distance between the attachment point (or the fulcrum) and the end of the beam is included in the “length of the beam”.
    - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: b / Line: 2)
      
      11/08/2019
      
      The Rules state "The device must be a class 1 lever connected directly in series to a class 2 or 3 lever, " does the answer to the FAQ allowing a "string" extend to other means of connection, such as a rigid link?
      
      Yes. The link can be a rigid link.
    - (Section: 4 / Paragraph: e / Line: 1)
      
      12/31/2019
      
      What type of kinetic energy question might be asked that does not violate the prohibition on Dynamic calculations?
      
      The definition of " dynamic calculations" refers to the acceleration, in other words, the velocity changes as a function of time. Any kinetic energy calculations will be based on having constant speed. Kinetic energy equations requiring calculus would not be permissible.
  - Sounds of Music
    - (Section: 5 / Paragraph: h / Line: 2)
      
      10/29/2019
      
      Are devices that do "not meet construction parameters at then end of their setup time" still eligible for the bonus?
      
      No, they can not participate in any of the device testing elements, including the bonus.
    - (Section: 4 / Paragraph: c / Line: 1)
      
      01/12/2020
      
      Are the use of tools like wrenches and screwdrivers permitted during the device set up even if they are not considered part of the device?
      
      Yes. General rule #1 applies, as long as the setup is done within the time limit in the rules.
    - (Section: 3 / Line: 1)
      
      11/08/2019
      
      Can any of the notes in "Twinkle, Twinkle" be the same as some of the notes in your scale?
      
      Yes, some of the notes in the song may be ones tested for pitch, but other notes required for the song are not tested for pitch.
    - (Section: 5 / Paragraph: d / Sub-Paragraph: i-ii / Line: 1)
      
      10/10/2019
      
      Can the ES give partial credit for rhythm and note accuracy?
      
      Yes, as stated in the ES guidelines soon to be published.
    - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: a / Line: 2)
      
      10/29/2019
      
      Can we use horsehair to make our own bow (essentially, is horsehair considered a professional instrument part)?
      
      Yes, you can use horsehair, as long as it isn't being sold as a bow part.
    - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: b / Line: 1)
      
      11/24/2019
      
      Does the instrument have to play a scale of our choosing starting between F2 and F3 or does it have to be able to play ANY (every) scale starting between those two notes?
      
      Yes, the instrument may play any major scale of your choosing as long at the start note is F2 to F3 inclusive.
    - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: a / Line: 1)
      
      10/23/2019
      
      Does the use of 3D printed reeds violate the rules excluding the use of reeds and reed blocks?
      
      No. 3D printed reeds do not violate the rules excluding the use of reeds and reed blocks.
    - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: b / Line: 1)
      
      10/08/2019
      
      For a musical instrument like a guitar, there are multiple places/ways to play F3. Is there a specific F3 that I need to be within from F2?
      
      No, any way you can play F3 is fine. The notes are measured based upon the actual frequency of them, not the specifics of how they are produced.
    - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: a / Line: 1)
      
      10/10/2019
      
      If we are testing a stringed instrument, are we allowed to use a professionally-made bow?
      
      No commercial made parts are allowed except strings, so no bows.
    - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: a / Line: 1)
      
      10/10/2019
      
      Is 3D printing for construction permitted?
      
      Yes.
    - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: 1 / Line: 2)
      
      10/10/2019
      
      The rules say that the device may not contain materials such as "mouthpieces,reeds or reed blocks". Does this rule only apply to commercial products or both commercial and homemade products?
      
      The device may not include any commercial parts except strings. Homemade parts are legal.
    - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: c / Line: 1)
      
      10/10/2019
      
      The rules state that in order to play the song excerpt the device can play addition pitches within the scales skipped range. Does this mean your instrument can play notes other than the 8 notes from the pitch test to play the song?
      
      Yes, the song includes notes not in the pitch testing range.
    - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: f / Sub-Paragraph: ii / Line: 1)
      
      11/08/2019
      
      The rules state that the song must be played within the skipped range. If we play the G2 Major scale like the example in the rules, the song must be played in the skipped range which is C3 and D4. Is the C3 and D4 inclusive in the playable range?
      
      Yes, the song requires notes that are not tested for pitch so those extra notes must be playable.
    - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: b / Line: 2)
      
      12/31/2019
      
      What happens if a team starts on a note outside of F2-F3 inclusive - do they get 0 for all pitches, or are any pitches that still lie in F2-F5 inclusive still scored?
      
      If a team starts on an illegal note (outside of F2 to F3 inclusive) they get a 0 for all illegal notes but can still get scores for all legal notes.
Technology & Engineering
- Boomilever - Div C
  - (Section: 6 / Paragraph: c / Line: 3)
    
    02/01/2020
    
    In order to receive the 5000 point bonus, does the Boomilever have to remain in one piece while supporting the 15 kilograms?
    
    No, the Boomilever does not need to stay completely in tact. An incidental piece may loosen or break during loading as long as the Boomilever complies fully to rule 4.Part II.g
  - (Section: 6 / Sub-Paragraph: i, ii / Line: 1)
    
    11/08/2019
    
    Is the score rounded up or down to nearest whole number?
    
    No, the Score should not be rounded to the nearest whole number, and as many digits as possible should be used for comparing scores. The scoring example in the rules follows proper significant figures.
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: c / Line: 1)
    
    10/29/2019
    
    The loading point must be between 40-45cm away from the wall, can the boomilever extend past the 45cm mark or must the loading assembly sit on the end of the boomilever?
    
    There is no length restriction for the boomilever.
- Detector Building
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: 1 / Sub-Paragraph: 1 / Line: 1)
    
    11/24/2019
    
    We have built the detector using a Raspberry Pi. Can we program the Pi to ask us the temperatures and then automtically calibrate the device (automatically calculate the slope and y intercept)?
    
    No. The transfer model must be derived from voltage/temperature data and graph that is shown in the log book. The coefficients should be edited within the program on competition day to ensure transparency to the judge. ~~Preset program libraries are not allowed.~~
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: b / Line: 1)
    
    11/24/2019
    
    Are DS18B20 Temperature Sensors (Waterproof Stainless Steel) allowed as a legal sensor for the Detector Building?
    
    No. This device does not produce a voltage output. Instead it produces a digital output of temperature.
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: b / Line: 1)
    
    10/13/2019
    
    Are RTDs allowed as a legal sensor as long as they comply with all other rules? They seem to fall under the definition of a thermistor.
    
    Yes. RTDs are allowed. However, the RTD can not be connected to an external signal conditioning board before the signal is routed to the micro-controller board.
  - (Section: 4 / Line: 1)
    
    11/24/2019
    
    Are students allowed to use their own version of the Steinhart-Hart Equation (ie with the coefficients they found) to convert resistance values into temperature values?
    
    Yes, so long as they are derived from a temperature vs. voltage data and graph.
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: b / Line: 1)
    
    10/13/2019
    
    Are thermocouples allowed as a legal sensor as long as they comply with all other rules? Thermocouples are listed as legal on the example sensor list on the soinc.org website but not explicitly listed as one of the two fundamental electric components
    
    Yes. Thermocouples are legal with student-built circuits constructed on breadboards made with fundamental components and/or DIP packaged integrated circuits (ICs). ~~However, external circuit boards are illegal.~~ ~~So, a thermocouple may be used, but an external signal conditioning board cannot.~~
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: A / Line: 14)
    
    11/24/2019
    
    Are we allowed to use an op amp?
    
    Yes. The device must be a DIP package inserted into a breadboard.
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: b / Line: 1)
    
    10/09/2019
    
    Are we allowed to use more than one temperature sensor and use an average reading of them, or is there a limit of only one input device?
    
    No, only one sensor per device is allowed.
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: a / Line: 1)
    
    11/08/2019
    
    Can I design my own printed circuit board for this event? I will make it very clear that I am using my own PCB and not a modular, pre-built board.
    
    No. Although your skill is appreciated, the rule is no external signal conditioning PCB regardless of its origin.
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: b / Line: 1)
    
    11/24/2019
    
    Can a participant-built sensor with a single analog output contain multiple thermistors of the same type for the purpose of output linearization?
    
    Yes. There can only be one "probe" and one output, but multiple internal sensors.
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: d / Line: 1)
    
    11/24/2019
    
    Can one RGB LED be used instead of 3 LEDs in red, green, and blue?
    
    No. Some competitions may require combinations of the three colors to be turned on concurrently. One RGB LED may be used in place of one single color LED. Three separate LEDs are need to display each unique color.
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: a / Line: 1)
    
    10/13/2019
    
    Can the "sensor" be composed of multiple individual sensors, or can only one individual sensor be used?
    
    No. The device can only have a single sensor.
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: b / Line: 1)
    
    11/24/2019
    
    Can we use the DIKAVS 3950 NTC 10K Precision Epoxy Thermistor Temperature Sensor.
    
    Yes the 3850 NTC 10K thermistor is legal as a basic component, as are all thermistors. However, a purchased epoxy dipped device with wire leads is NOT legal as it constitutes a prefabricated detector.
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: d / Line: 1)
    
    10/29/2019
    
    Do the 3 temperature zones need to be contiguous? That is, could they be: (a) Less than 10C, (b) Between 15C and 45C, (c) Greater than 45C. Making it possible to have a temperature (12C) that would have NO LEDs lit?
    
    The temperature ranges will be well defined and not set where there could be an in-between zone as to which a non-led response is possible.
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: b / Line: 5)
    
    10/29/2019
    
    Does the device have to be probe-like or can the device have a base (such as an Arduino Uno) with a probe connected to it?
    
    The sensor/probe may be connected to the microcontroller/"base" via wires/cables.
  - (Section: 4 / Paragraph: b / Sub-Paragraph: v. / Line: 5)
    
    11/08/2019
    
    Is it allowable to have more than one equation to model the voltage vs. Temperature data, for example to have different equations to cover different temperature ranges.
    
    Yes
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: b / Line: 2)
    
    11/24/2019
    
    Is the TMP35/36/37 an illegal sensor? It is a temperature sensing IC that outputs a preconditioned analog signal.
    
    These are legal sensors as long as no external pre-fabricated signal conditioning board is used in conjunction with the device.
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: a / Line: 1)
    
    10/13/2019
    
    May students add a modular analog-to-digital convertor (ADC) to theirmicrocontroller?
    
    Prefabricated modular external signal conditioning boards are not allowed. Student built external signal conditioning boards built from fundamental components or DIP ICs on a bread board are legal.
    
    ~~No. External signal conditioning boards are not allowed.~~
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: b / Line: 3)
    
    11/24/2019
    
    Rule 3b states that "[t]he sensor must not be constructed using...kits." Does this mean that the Ward's and TI kits for this event are not permissible?
    
    No. Kits that contain primary components, such as the TI kit or Wards, are legal. What is prohibited by that rule are pre-assembled circuit boards or circuit board kits.
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: a / Line: 1)
    
    11/08/2019
    
    The rules say "must be built using a microcontroller or microcontroller board". Can our students use a raspberry pi AND an Arduino in their build?
    
    No, choose one. The rules list "microcontroller or microcontroller board" as singular.
  - (Section: 3 / Line: 1)
    
    11/08/2019
    
    We were wondering whether or not the Arduino TMP 36GZ temp sensor is a legal sensor that we could use for the competition?
    
    Yes. The sensor only.
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: a / Line: 14)
    
    11/24/2019
    
    is a breakout board considered a circuit board (a breakout board is a board that exposes pins from a surface mounted component)?
    
    Yes and this would not be allowed. A breakout board is a prefabricated circuit board and is illegal to use. All components must be DIP and used with a breadboard.
- Gravity Vehicle
  - (Section: 2 / Line: 1)
    
    01/05/2020
    
    Are teams from the same school allowed to share a ramp?
    
    Yes; teams from the same school may share a ramp if it is it compatible with their vehicle.
- Wright Stuff
  - (Section: 3 / Line: 1)
    
    10/08/2019
    
    We noticed that the way this year's rules are worded, a tandem wing plane looks perfectly legitimate:1) Multiple wings are permitted with no maximum offset specified, therefore one wing at each end of the fuselage appears legal.
    
    No, tandem wings do not meet the rule. from Wikipedia: - A tandem wing aircraft has two main wings, with one located forward and the other to the rear. - A biplane is a fixed-wing aircraft with two main wings stacked one above the other. While no maximum offset is specified, some degree of overlap is required to meet the bi-plane definition.
  - (Section: 3 / Paragraph: d / Line: 3)
    
    10/08/2019
    
    What is the difference between a wing and a horizontal stabilizer?
    
    The wing is the larger of the two surfaces perpendicular to the fuselage/motorstick/tail boom assembly. There are only two such surfaces allowed, a wing and a stabilizer. Therefore the smaller surface will be identified as the stabilizer.
  - (Section: 4 / Paragraph: K / Line: 1)
    
    10/29/2019
    
    Would it be allowed to catch the plane to end the flight? It never specifies if that is allowed. Would there be a disqualification if one catches a plane to end the flight?
    
    Yes, you can catch the plane with your hands. Of course that stops the flight time. Relevant paragraph 4.f Time aloft...starts...and stops when any part of the airplane touches the floor, the lifting surfaces no longer support the weight of the airplane...or the Supervisors otherwise determine the flight to be over. Both the 'no longer support' and 'Supervisors otherwise determine' clauses are adequate to determine the end of flight. Under general rule 1. Actions and items (…) are permitted, unless they are explicitly excluded in the rules, are unsafe, or violate the spirit of the problem. - Unless you try to catch it in an unsafe manner, I don't see the other conditions applying to this action. - There is no specific exclusion in the event rules. - The spirit is competitor built and tested/optimized for longest flight. This shortens the flight to the competitor's disadvantage, their choice, not a 'spirit' issue.

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